부저항 문서 원본 보기

{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
[[파일:Fluorescent light strip 2 tube.JPG|섬네일|upright=1.3|[[형광등]]은 부성 미분 저항을 지니는 장치이다.<ref name="Sinclair">{{서적 인용
  | last = Sinclair
  | first = Ian Robertson
  | title = Sensors and transducers, 3rd Ed.
  | publisher = Newnes
  | date = 2001
  | location =
  | pages = 69–70
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=s_WIb91uKK8C&pg=PA69&dq=%22gas+discharge%22+%22negative+resistance
  | doi =
  | id =
  | isbn = 978-0750649322}}</ref><ref name="Kularatna">{{서적 인용
 |last        = Kularatna
 |first       = Nihal
 |title       = Power Electronics Design Handbook
 |publisher   = Newnes
 |date        = 1998
 |pages       = 232–233
 |url         = https://books.google.com/books?id=IBx801tIgjYC&pg=PA233&lpg=PA233&dq=%22negative+resistance
 |isbn        = 978-0750670739
 |url-status     = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20171221182853/https://books.google.com/books?id=IBx801tIgjYC&pg=PA233&lpg=PA233&dq=%22negative+resistance
 |archivedate = 2017-12-21
}}</ref> 동작 중에 형광막을 통해 흐르는 전류가 증가하면서 이를 가로지르는 전압이 떨어진다. 막이 전선에 직접 연결되어 있다면 막 전압이 떨어질 경우 더욱 더 많은 전류가 흐르게 되어 [[아크 섬락]]이 발생하고 스스로 파괴한다.<ref name="Sinclair" /><ref name="Aluf">{{서적 인용|last        = Aluf |first       = Ofer |title       = Optoisolation Circuits: Nonlinearity Applications in Engineering |publisher   = World Scientific |date        = 2012 |pages       = 8–11 |url         = https://books.google.com/books?id=DRui7sQTwRYC&pg=PA9 |isbn        = 978-9814317009 |url-status     = live |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20171221182851/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRui7sQTwRYC&pg=PA9 |archivedate = 2017-12-21}} This source uses the term "absolute negative differential resistance" to refer to active resistance</ref> 이를 예방하기 위해 형광막은 [[전기 밸러스트|밸러스트]](ballast)를 통해 전선에 연결된다. 밸러스트는 양[[온저항|임피던스]](AC 저항)을 회로에 추가하여 전류를 제한시킴으로써 형광막의 부성 저항에 대처한다.<ref name="Sinclair" />]]

[[일렉트로닉스]]에서 '''부저항'''(負抵抗, negative resistance, '''NR''')은 일부 [[전기 회로]]와 장치의 한 속성이며 여기서 장치의 끝단을 가로지르는 [[전압]]이 증가하면 이를 가로지르는 [[전류]]가 감소하게 된다.<ref name="Amos">{{서적 인용
  | last1 = Amos
  | first1 = Stanley William
  | last2 = Amos
  | first2 = Roger S.
  | last3 = Dummer
  | first3 = Geoffrey William Arnold
  | title = Newnes Dictionary of Electronics, 4th Ed.
  | publisher = Newnes
  | date = 1999
  | location =
  | page = 211
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lROa-MpIrucC&pg=PA211&lpg=PA211&dq=%22negative+resistance
  | doi =
  | id =
  | isbn = 978-0750643313}}</ref><ref name="Graf">{{서적 인용
 |last        = Graf
 |first       = Rudolf F.
 |title       = Modern Dictionary of Electronics, 7th Ed.
 |publisher   = Newnes
 |date        = 1999
 |page        = 499
 |url         = https://books.google.com/books?id=AYEKAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA499&dq=%22negative+resistance
 |isbn        = 978-0750698665
 |url-status     = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20171221182851/https://books.google.com/books?id=AYEKAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA499&dq=%22negative+resistance
 |archivedate = 2017-12-21
}}</ref>

이는 영향을 받는 전압이 증가할 때 [[옴의 법칙]]으로 인해 전류의 양이 상대적으로 증가하면서 양[[전기저항|저항]]을 일으키는 일반적인 [[저항기]]와는 대조된다.<ref name="Shanefield">{{서적 인용
  | last = Shanefield
  | first = Daniel J.
  | title = Industrial Electronics for Engineers, Chemists, and Technicians
  | publisher = Elsevier
  | date = 2001
  | location =
  | pages = 18–19
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DUmwY0QJk28C&pg=PA19
  | doi =
  | id =
  | isbn = 978-0815514671}}</ref> 양저항이 이를 경유하여 전달되는 전류로부터 전기를 소비하는 반면 부저항은 발전(發電)한다.<ref name="Carr"/><ref name="Groszkowski">{{서적 인용
 |last1       = Groszkowski
 |first1      = Janusz
 |title       = Frequency of Self-Oscillations
 |publisher   = Pergamon Press - PWN (Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe)
 |date        = 1964
 |location    = Warsaw
 |pages       = 45–51
 |url         = https://books.google.com/books?id=H_ZFBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA45
 |isbn        = 978-1483280301
 |url-status     = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160405074841/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_ZFBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA45
 |archivedate = 2016-04-05
}}</ref> 특정한 상황에서 전기 신호의 힘을 증가시켜 신호를 [[앰프|증폭]]시킬 수 있다.<ref name="Aluf" /><ref name="Gottlieb">{{서적 인용
 |last        = Gottlieb
 |first       = Irving M.
 |title       = Practical Oscillator Handbook
 |publisher   = Elsevier
 |date        = 1997
 |pages       = 75–76
 |url         = https://books.google.com/books?id=e_oZ69GAuxAC&pg=PA75&dq=%22negative+resistance
 |isbn        = 978-0080539386
 |url-status     = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160515053022/https://books.google.com/books?id=e_oZ69GAuxAC
 |archivedate = 2016-05-15
}}</ref><ref name="Kaplan">{{저널 인용
 |first       = Ross M.
 |last        = Kaplan
 |title       = Equivalent circuits for negative resistance devices
 |version     = Technical Report No. RADC-TR-68-356
 |publisher   = Rome Air Development Center, US Air Force Systems Command
 |pages       = 5–8
 |date        = December 1968
 |url         = http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/846083.pdf
 |accessdate  = September 21, 2012
 |url-status     = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819082258/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/846083.pdf
 |archivedate = August 19, 2014
}}</ref>

부저항은 일부 [[선형 회로|비선형]] 전기 부품들에 나타나는 흔치 않은 속성이다. 비선형 장치에서 두 종류의 저항을 정의할 수 있다: 1) '전압/전류'(<math>v/i\,</math>) 비율인 정적(static)/절대 저항(absolute resistanec), 2) '전압 변화/결과가 되는 전류'(<math>\Delta v/\Delta i</math>) 비율인 미분 저항(differential resistance). 부저항이라는 용어는 '''부성 미분 저항'''(negative differential resistance, NDR), 즉 <math>\Delta v/\Delta i\;<\;0</math>을 의미한다. 일반적으로 부성 미분 저항은 2개의 끝단을 지니는 컴포넌트로서, 끝단에 적용된 [[직류]] 전원을 [[앰프|증폭]]시키고,<ref name="Aluf" /><ref name="Suzuki">"''In semiconductor physics, it is known that if a two-terminal device shows negative differential resistance it can amplify.''" {{저널 인용
 |last1       = Suzuki
 |first1      = Yoshishige
 |last2       = Kuboda
 |first2      = Hitoshi
 |title       = Spin-torque diode effect and its application
 |journal     = Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
 |volume      = 77
 |issue       = 3
 |pages       = 031002
 |date        = March 10, 2008
 |url         = http://jpsj.ipap.jp/link?JPSJ/77/031002/
 |doi         = 10.1143/JPSJ.77.031002
 |accessdate  = June 13, 2013
 |bibcode     = 2008JPSJ...77c1002S
 |url-status     = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20171221182851/http://jpsj.ipap.jp/link?JPSJ%2F77%2F031002%2F
 |archivedate = December 21, 2017
}}</ref> 이를 [[교류]] 전력으로 변환하여 동일한 끝단에 적용된 교류 전기신호를 증폭시킬 수 있다.<ref name="Carr">{{서적 인용
 |last        = Carr
 |first       = Joseph J.
 |title       = Microwave & Wireless Communications Technology
 |publisher   = Newnes
 |date        = 1997
 |location    = USA
 |pages       = 313–314
 |url         = https://books.google.com/books?id=1j1E541LKVoC&pg=PA314&dq=%22negative+differential+resistance%22+amplify
 |isbn        = 978-0750697071
 |url-status     = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170707111723/https://books.google.com/books?id=1j1E541LKVoC&pg=PA314&dq=%22negative+differential+resistance%22+amplify
 |archivedate = 2017-07-07}}</ref><ref name="Iniewski">{{서적 인용
  | last = Iniewski
  | first = Krzysztof
  | title = Wireless Technologies: Circuits, Systems, and Devices
  | publisher = CRC Press
  | date = 2007
  | location =
  | page = 488
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JJXrpazX9FkC&pg=PA488&lpg=PA488&dq=%22negative+resistance%22+amplification+bias
  | doi =
  | id =
  | isbn = 978-0849379963}}</ref> [[발진 (전기공학)|발진기]]와 [[앰프]]에 사용된다.<ref name="Shahinpoor">{{서적 인용
  | last1 = Shahinpoor
  | first1 = Mohsen
  | last2 = Schneider
  | first2 =Hans-Jörg
  | title = Intelligent Materials
  | publisher = Royal Society of Chemistry
  | date = 2008
  | location = London
  | page = 209
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Hmq4ctnA1KIC&pg=PA209
  | doi =
  | id =
  | isbn = 978-0854043354}}</ref> (특히 [[마이크로파]] 주파수에서) 대부분의 마이크로파 에너지는 부성 미분 저항으로 만들어진다.<ref name="Golio">{{서적 인용
 |last        = Golio
 |first       = Mike
 |title       = The RF and Microwave Handbook
 |publisher   = CRC Press
 |date        = 2000
 |pages       = 5.91
 |url         = https://books.google.com/books?id=UIHMnx0k9oAC&pg=SA5-PA91
 |isbn        = 978-1420036763
 |url-status     = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20171221182851/https://books.google.com/books?id=UIHMnx0k9oAC&pg=SA5-PA91
 |archivedate = 2017-12-21
}}</ref> 이들은 [[이력 현상]]을 보일 수 있으며<ref name="Kumar2">{{저널 인용
 |last        = Kumar
 |first       = Umesh
 |title       = Design of an indiginized negative resistance characteristics curve tracer
 |journal     = Active and Passive Elect. Components
 |volume      = 23
 |pages       = 1–2
 |publisher   = Hindawi Publishing Corp.
 |date        = April 2000
 |url         = http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/apec/2000/969073.pdf
 |accessdate  = May 3, 2013
 |url-status     = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125752/http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/apec/2000/969073.pdf
 |archivedate = August 19, 2014
}}</ref> [[쌍안정]]할 수 있으므로 [[스위칭 회로 이론|스위칭]]과 [[반도체 메모리|메모리]] 회로에 사용된다.<ref name="Beneking">{{서적 인용
 |last        = Beneking
 |first       = H.
 |title       = High Speed Semiconductor Devices: Circuit aspects and fundamental behaviour
 |publisher   = Springer
 |date        = 1994
 |pages       = 114–117
 |url         = https://books.google.com/books?id=HdDXZRioqWkC&pg=PA115&lpg=PA115&dq=%22negative+resistance+(NR)%22+oneport
 |isbn        = 978-0412562204
 |url-status     = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20171221182851/https://books.google.com/books?id=HdDXZRioqWkC&pg=PA115&lpg=PA115&dq=%22negative+resistance+(NR)%22+oneport
 |archivedate = 2017-12-21
}}</ref> 부성 미분 저항을 지니는 장치들으 예로는 [[터널 다이오드]], [[건 다이오드]], [[네온등]] 등의 [[방전관]], [[형광등]]을 들 수 있다.

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 추가 문헌 ==
*{{서적 인용| last = Gottlieb | first = Irving M. | title = Practical Oscillator Handbook | publisher = Elsevier | date = 1997 | location = | pages = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e_oZ69GAuxAC&pg=PA75&dq=%22negative+resistance | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0080539386}} How negative differential resistance devices work in oscillators.
*{{서적 인용| last = Hong | first = Sungook | title = Wireless: From Marconi's Black-Box to the Audion | publisher = MIT Press | date = 2001 | location = USA | pages = | url = http://monoskop.org/images/f/f4/Hong_Sungook_Wireless_From_Marconis_Black-Box_to_the_Audion.pdf | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0262082983}}, ch. 6 Account of discovery of negative resistance and its role in early radio.
*{{웹 인용| last = Snelgrove | first = Martin | title = Negative resistance circuits | encyclopedia = AccessScience Online Encyclopedia | publisher = McGraw-Hill | date = 2008 | url = http://www.accessscience.com/content/negative-resistance-circuits/446710 | doi = | accessdate = May 17, 2012}} Elementary one-page introduction to negative resistance.

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:전기]]
[[분류:마이크로파 기술]]
[[분류:물리량]]